GRASS GIS 7.0.svn Reference Manual: Full index

GRASS GIS 7.0.svn Reference Manual

Geographic Resources Analysis Support System, commonly referred to as GRASS, is a Geographic Information System (GIS) used for geospatial data management and analysis, image processing, graphics/maps production, spatial modeling, and visualization. GRASS is currently used in academic and commercial settings around the world, as well as by many governmental agencies and environmental consulting companies.

This reference manual details the use of modules distributed with Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS), an open source (GNU GPLed), image processing and geographic information system (GIS).

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Full command index:

[ d.* | db.* | g.* | i.* | m.* | ps.* | r.* | r3.* | t.* | v.* ]

d.*	display commands
db.*	database commands
g.*	general commands
i.*	imagery commands
m.*	miscellaneous commands
ps.*	postscript commands
r.*	raster commands
r3.*	raster3D commands
t.*	temporal commands
v.*	vector commands
nviz	visualization suite
wxGUI	wxPython-based GUI frontend
xganim	raster map slideshow

d.* commands:

d.barscale	Displays a barscale on the graphics monitor.
d.colorlist	Output a list of all available display colors with a configurable separator (default is comma).
d.colortable	Displays the color table associated with a raster map layer.
d.correlate	Prints a graph of the correlation between raster maps (in pairs).
d.erase	Erases the contents of the active graphics display frame with user defined color.
d.font	Selects the font in which text will be displayed on the user's graphics monitor.
d.fontlist	Lists the available fonts.
d.geodesic	Displays a geodesic line, tracing the shortest distance between two geographic points along a great circle, in a longitude/latitude data set.
d.graph	Program for generating and displaying simple graphics on the display monitor.
d.grid	Overlays a user-specified grid in the active display frame on the graphics monitor.
d.his	Displays the result obtained by combining hue, intensity, and saturation (his) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
d.histogram	Displays a histogram in the form of a pie or bar chart for a user-specified raster map.
d.info	Displays information about the active display monitor.
d.labels	Displays text labels (created with v.label) to the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.legend	Displays a legend for a raster map in the active frame of the graphics monitor.
d.linegraph	Generates and displays simple line graphs in the active graphics monitor display frame.
d.mon	Controls graphics display monitors which can be controlled from the command line.
d.path	Finds shortest path for selected starting and ending node.
d.polar	Draws polar diagram of angle map such as aspect or flow directions
d.profile	Plots profile of a transect.
d.rast.arrow	Draws arrows representing cell aspect direction for a raster map containing aspect data.
d.rast.edit	Edits cell values in a raster map.
d.rast	Displays user-specified raster map in the active graphics frame.
d.rast.leg	Displays a raster map and its legend on a graphics window
d.rast.num	Overlays cell category values on a raster map layer displayed to the graphics monitor.
d.redraw	Redraws the content of currently selected monitor.
d.rgb	Displays three user-specified raster maps as red, green, and blue overlays in the active graphics frame.
d.rhumbline	Displays the rhumbline joining two longitude/latitude coordinates.
d.shadedmap	Drapes a color raster over a shaded relief map.
d.text	Draws text in the active display frame on the graphics monitor using the current font.
d.thematic.area	Displays a thematic vector area map in the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.title	Create a TITLE for a raster map in a form suitable for display with d.text.
d.vect.chart	Displays charts of vector data in the active frame on the graphics monitor.
d.vect	Displays user-specified vector map in the active graphics frame.
d.vect.thematic	Displays thematic vector map
d.where	Identifies the geographic coordinates associated with point locations given in display coordinates.

db.* commands:

db.columns	List all columns for a given table.
db.connect	Prints/sets general DB connection for current mapset.
db.copy	Copy a table.
db.createdb	Creates an empty database.
db.databases	List all databases for a given driver and location.
db.describe	Describes a table in detail.
db.drivers	Lists all database drivers.
db.dropcolumn	Drops a column from selected attribute table.
db.dropdb	Removes a database.
db.droptable	Drops an attribute table.
db.execute	Executes any SQL statement.
db.in.ogr	Imports attribute tables in various formats.
db.login	Sets user/password for DB driver/database.
db.out.ogr	Exports attribute tables into various formats.
db.select	Selects data from attribute table (performs SQL query statement(s)).
db.tables	Lists all tables for a given database.
db.test	Test database driver, database must exist and set by db.connect.

g.* commands:

g.access	Controls access to the current mapset for other users on the system.
g.cairocomp	Overlays multiple X Pixmaps
g.copy	Copies available data files in the current mapset search path to the user's current mapset.
g.dirseps	Internal GRASS utility for converting directory separator characters.
g.extension	Maintains GRASS Addons extensions in local GRASS installation.
g.extension.rebuild.all	Rebuilds all locally installed GRASS Addons extensions.
g.filename	Prints GRASS data base file names.
g.findetc	Searches for GRASS support files.
g.findfile	Searches for GRASS data base files and sets variables for the shell.
g.gisenv	Outputs and modifies the user's current GRASS variable settings.
g.gui	Launches a GRASS graphical user interface (GUI) session.
g.list	Lists available GRASS data base files of the user-specified data type.
g.manual	Display the HTML manual pages of GRASS modules
g.mapset	Changes/reports current mapset.
g.mapsets	Modifies/prints the user's current mapset search path.
g.message	Prints a message, warning, progress info, or fatal error in the GRASS way.
g.mkfontcap	Generates the font configuration file by scanning various directories for fonts
g.mlist	Lists available GRASS data base files of the user-specified data type optionally using the search pattern.
g.mremove	Removes data base element files from the user's current mapset using regular expressions.
g.parser	Provides automated parser, GUI, and help support for GRASS scipts.
g.pnmcomp	Overlays multiple PPM image files,
g.ppmtopng	Converts between PPM/PGM and PNG image formats
g.proj	Prints and manipulates GRASS projection information files (in various co-ordinate system descriptions).
g.region	Manages the boundary definitions for the geographic region.
g.remove	Removes data base element files from the user's current mapset.
g.rename	Renames data base element files in the user's current mapset.
g.tempfile	Creates a temporary file and prints it's file name.
g.version	Displays version and copyright information.

i.* commands:

i.albedo	Computes broad band albedo from surface reflectance.
i.aster.toar	Calculates Top of Atmosphere Radiance/Reflectance/Brightness Temperature from ASTER DN.
i.atcorr	Performs atmospheric correction using the 6S algorithm.
i.biomass	Computes biomass growth, precursor of crop yield calculation.
i.cca	Canonical components analysis (cca) program for image processing.
i.cluster	Generates spectral signatures for land cover types in an image using a clustering algorithm.
i.eb.eta	Actual evapotranspiration for diurnal period (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
i.eb.evapfr	Computes evaporative fraction (Bastiaanssen, 1995) and root zone soil moisture (Makin, Molden and Bastiaanssen, 2001).
i.eb.h_sebal01	Computes sensible heat flux iteration SEBAL 01.
i.eb.netrad	Net radiation approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
i.eb.soilheatflux	Soil heat flux approximation (Bastiaanssen, 1995).
i.emissivity	Computes emissivity from NDVI, generic method for spares land.
i.evapo.mh	Computes evapotranspiration calculation modified or original Hargreaves formulation, 2001.
i.evapo.pm	Computes potential evapotranspiration calculation with hourly Penman-Monteith.
i.evapo.pt	Computes evapotranspiration calculation Prestley and Taylor formulation, 1972.
i.evapo.time	Computes temporal integration of satellite ET actual (ETa) following the daily ET reference (ETo) from meteorological station(s).
i.fft	Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for image processing.
i.fusion.brovey	Brovey transform to merge multispectral and high-res panchromatic channels
i.gensig	Generates statistics for i.maxlik from raster map.
i.gensigset	Generates statistics for i.smap from raster map.
i.group	Creates, edits, and lists groups of imagery data.
i.his.rgb	Transforms raster maps from HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space to RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space.
i.ifft	Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) for image processing.
i.image.mosaic	Mosaics several images and extends colormap.
i.in.spotvgt	Imports SPOT VGT NDVI data into a raster map.
i.landsat.acca	Performs Landsat TM/ETM+ Automatic Cloud Cover Assessment (ACCA).
i.landsat.rgb	Performs auto-balancing of colors for LANDSAT images.
i.landsat.toar	Calculates top-of-atmosphere radiance or reflectance and temperature for Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+.
i.latlong	Creates a latitude/longitude map.
i.maxlik	Classifies the cell spectral reflectances in imagery data.
i.modis.qc	Extracts quality control parameters from Modis QC layers.
i.oif	Calculates Optimum-Index-Factor table for LANDSAT TM bands 1-5, & 7
i.pca	Principal components analysis (PCA) for image processing.
i.rectify	Rectifies an image by computing a coordinate transformation for each pixel in the image based on the control points.
i.rgb.his	Transforms raster maps from RGB (Red-Green-Blue) color space to HIS (Hue-Intensity-Saturation) color space.
i.smap	Performs contextual image classification using sequential maximum a posteriori (SMAP) estimation.
i.spectral	Displays spectral response at user specified locations in group or images.
i.sunhours	Creates a sunshine hours map.
i.target	Targets an imagery group to a GRASS location and mapset.
i.tasscap	Performs Tasseled Cap (Kauth Thomas) transformation for LANDSAT-TM data.
i.topo.corr	Computes topographic correction of reflectance.
i.vi	Calculates different types of vegetation indices.
i.zc	Zero-crossing "edge detection" raster function for image processing.

m.* commands:

m.cogo	A simple utility for converting bearing and distance measurements to coordinates and vice versa.
m.measure	Measures the lengths and areas of features.
m.nviz.image	Creates a 3D rendering of GIS data.
m.nviz.script	Creates fly-through script to run in NVIZ.
m.proj	Converts coordinates from one projection to another (cs2cs frontend).
m.transform	Computes a coordinate transformation based on the control points.

ps.* commands:

ps.map

Produces hardcopy PostScript map output.

r.* commands:

r.basins.fill	Generates watershed subbasins raster map.
r.bitpattern	Compares bit patterns with a raster map.
r.blend	Blends color components of two raster maps by a given ratio.
r.buffer	Creates a raster map showing buffer zones surrounding cells that contain non-NULL category values.
r.buffer2	Creates a raster map layer showing buffer zones surrounding cells that contain non-NULL category values.
r.carve	Generates stream channels.
r.category	Manages category values and labels associated with user-specified raster map layers.
r.circle	Creates a raster map containing concentric rings around a given point.
r.clump	Recategorizes data in a raster map by grouping cells that form physically discrete areas into unique categories.
r.coin	Tabulates the mutual occurrence (coincidence) of categories for two raster map layers.
r.colors	Creates/modifies the color table associated with a raster map.
r.colors.out	Exports the color table associated with a raster map.
r.colors.stddev	Sets color rules based on stddev from a raster map's mean value.
r.composite	Combines red, green and blue raster maps into a single composite raster map.
r.compress	Compresses and decompresses raster maps.
r.contour	Produces a vector map of specified contours from a raster map.
r.cost	Creates a raster map showing the cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input raster map whose cell category values represent cost.
r.covar	Outputs a covariance/correlation matrix for user-specified raster map layer(s).
r.cross	Creates a cross product of the category values from multiple raster map layers.
r.describe	Prints terse list of category values found in a raster map layer.
r.distance	Locates the closest points between objects in two raster maps.
r.drain	Traces a flow through an elevation model on a raster map.
r.external	Links GDAL supported raster data as a pseudo GRASS raster map.
r.external.out	Defines raster output format utilizing GDAL library.
r.fill.dir	Filters and generates a depressionless elevation map and a flow direction map from a given elevation raster map.
r.fillnulls	Fills no-data areas in raster maps using spline interpolation.
r.flow	Constructs flowlines.
r.grow.distance	Generates a raster map of distance to features in input raster map.
r.grow	Generates a raster map layer with contiguous areas grown by one cell.
r.gwflow	Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined groundwater flow in two dimensions.
r.his	Generates red, green and blue raster map layers combining hue, intensity and saturation (HIS) values from user-specified input raster map layers.
r.horizon	Horizon angle computation from a digital elevation model.
r.in.arc	Converts an ESRI ARC/INFO ascii raster file (GRID) into a GRASS raster map.
r.in.ascii	Converts a GRASS ASCII raster file to binary raster map.
r.in.aster	Georeference, rectify, and import Terra-ASTER imagery and relative DEMs using gdalwarp.
r.in.bin	Import a binary raster file into a GRASS raster map layer.
r.in.gdal	Imports raster data into a GRASS raster map using GDAL library.
r.in.gridatb	Imports GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL) into GRASS raster map
r.in.lidar	Create a raster map from LAS LiDAR points using univariate statistics.
r.in.mat	Imports a binary MAT-File(v4) to a GRASS raster.
r.in.png	Imports non-georeferenced PNG format image.
r.in.poly	Creates raster maps from ASCII polygon/line/point data files.
r.in.srtm	Imports SRTM HGT files into raster map.
r.in.wms	Downloads and imports data from WMS servers.
r.in.xyz	Create a raster map from an assemblage of many coordinates using univariate statistics.
r.info	Outputs basic information about a raster map.
r.kappa	Calculate error matrix and kappa parameter for accuracy assessment of classification result.
r.lake	Fills lake from seed at given level.
r.li.cwed	Calculates contrast weighted edge density index on a raster map
r.li.daemon	Support module for r.li landscape index calculations.
r.li.dominance	Calculates dominance's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.edgedensity	Calculates edge density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
r.li	Landscape structure analysis package overview.
r.li.mpa	Calculates mean pixel attribute index on a raster map
r.li.mps	Calculates mean patch size index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
r.li.padcv	Calculates coefficient of variation of patch area on a raster map
r.li.padrange	Calculates range of patch area size on a raster map
r.li.padsd	Calculates standard deviation of patch area a raster map
r.li.patchdensity	Calculates patch density index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm
r.li.patchnum	Calculates patch number index on a raster map, using a 4 neighbour algorithm.
r.li.pielou	Calculates Pielou's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.renyi	Calculates Renyi's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.richness	Calculates dominance's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.shannon	Calculates Shannon's diversity index on a raster map
r.li.shape	Calculates shape index on a raster map
r.li.simpson	Calculates Simpson's diversity index on a raster map
r.los	Line-of-sight raster analysis program.
r.mapcalc	Raster map calculator.
r.mask	Creates a MASK for limiting raster operation.
r.mfilter	Performs raster map matrix filter.
r.mode	Finds the mode of values in a cover map within areas assigned the same category value in a user-specified base map.
r.neighbors	Makes each cell category value a function of the category values assigned to the cells around it, and stores new cell values in an output raster map layer.
r.null	Manages NULL-values of given raster map.
r.out.arc	Converts a raster map layer into an ESRI ARCGRID file.
r.out.ascii	Converts a raster map layer into a GRASS ASCII text file.
r.out.bin	Exports a GRASS raster to a binary array.
r.out.gdal	Exports GRASS raster maps into GDAL supported formats.
r.out.gridatb	Exports GRASS raster map to GRIDATB.FOR map file (TOPMODEL).
r.out.mat	Exports a GRASS raster to a binary MAT-File.
r.out.mpeg	Converts raster map series to MPEG movie.
r.out.png	Export a GRASS raster map as a non-georeferenced PNG image.
r.out.pov	Converts a raster map layer into a height-field file for POV-Ray.
r.out.ppm	Converts a GRASS raster map to a PPM image file.
r.out.ppm3	Converts 3 GRASS raster layers (R,G,B) to a PPM image file.
r.out.tiff	Exports a GRASS raster map to a 8/24bit TIFF image file.
r.out.vrml	Exports a raster map to the Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML).
r.out.vtk	Converts raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
r.out.xyz	Exports a raster map to a text file as x,y,z values based on cell centers.
r.pack	Packs up a raster map and support files for copying.
r.param.scale	Extracts terrain parameters from a DEM.
r.patch	Creates a composite raster map layer by using known category values from one (or more) map layer(s) to fill in areas of "no data" in another map layer.
r.plane	Creates raster plane map given dip (inclination), aspect (azimuth) and one point.
r.profile	Outputs the raster map layer values lying on user-defined line(s).
r.proj	Re-projects a raster map from given location to the current location.
r.quant	Produces the quantization file for a floating-point map.
r.quantile	Compute quantiles using two passes.
r.random.cells	Generates random cell values with spatial dependence.
r.random	Creates a raster map layer and vector point map containing randomly located points.
r.random.surface	Generates random surface(s) with spatial dependence.
r.reclass.area	Reclasses a raster map greater or less than user specified area size (in hectares).
r.reclass	Reclassify raster map based on category values.
r.recode	Recodes categorical raster maps.
r.region	Sets the boundary definitions for a raster map.
r.regression.line	Calculates linear regression from two raster maps: y = a + b*x.
r.report	Reports statistics for raster maps.
r.resamp.bspline	Bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
r.resamp.filter	Resamples raster map layers using an analytic kernel.
r.resamp.interp	Resamples raster map layers to a finer grid using interpolation.
r.resamp.rst	Reinterpolates and optionally computes topographic analysis from input raster map to a new raster map (possibly with different resolution) using regularized spline with tension and smoothing.
r.resamp.stats	Resamples raster map layers to a coarser grid using aggregation.
r.resample	GRASS raster map layer data resampling capability.
r.rescale.eq	Rescales histogram equalized the range of category values in a raster map layer.
r.rescale	Rescales the range of category values in a raster map layer.
r.ros	Generates rate of spread raster map layers.
r.series	Makes each output cell value a function of the values assigned to the corresponding cells in the input raster map layers.
r.series.interp	Interpolate raster maps located (temporal or spatial) in between input raster maps at specific sampling positions.
r.shaded.relief	Creates shaded relief map from an elevation map (DEM).
r.sim.sediment	Sediment transport and erosion/deposition simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
r.sim.water	Overland flow hydrologic simulation using path sampling method (SIMWE).
r.slope.aspect	Generates raster maps of slope, aspect, curvatures and partial derivatives from a elevation raster map.
r.solute.transport	Numerical calculation program for transient, confined and unconfined solute transport in two dimensions
r.spread	Simulates elliptically anisotropic spread on a graphics window and generates a raster map of the cumulative time of spread, given raster maps containing the rates of spread (ROS), the ROS directions and the spread origins.
r.spreadpath	Recursively traces the least cost path backwards to cells from which the cumulative cost was determined.
r.statistics	Calculates category or object oriented statistics.
r.statistics2	Calculates category or object oriented statistics (accumulator-based statistics).
r.statistics3	Compute category quantiles using two passes.
r.stats	Generates area statistics for raster map layers.
r.sun	Solar irradiance and irradiation model.
r.sunmask	Calculates cast shadow areas from sun position and elevation raster map.
r.support	Allows creation and/or modification of raster map layer support files.
r.support.stats	Update raster map statistics
r.surf.area	Prints estimation of surface area for raster map.
r.surf.contour	Generates surface raster map from rasterized contours.
r.surf.fractal	Creates a fractal surface of a given fractal dimension.
r.surf.gauss	GRASS module to produce a raster map layer of gaussian deviates whose mean and standard deviation can be expressed by the user. It uses a gaussian random number generator.
r.surf.idw	Surface interpolation utility for raster map.
r.surf.idw2	Surface generation program.
r.surf.random	Produces a raster map of uniform random deviates whose range can be expressed by the user.
r.terraflow	Flow computation for massive grids (float version).
r.texture	Generate images with textural features from a raster map.
r.thin	Thins non-zero cells that denote linear features in a raster map layer.
r.tileset	Produces tilings of the source projection for use in the destination region and projection.
r.timestamp	Modifies a timestamp for a raster map.
r.to.rast3	Converts 2D raster map slices to one 3D raster volume map.
r.to.rast3elev	Creates a 3D volume map based on 2D elevation and value raster maps.
r.to.vect	Converts a raster map into a vector map.
r.topidx	Creates topographic index map from elevation raster map.
r.topmodel	Simulates TOPMODEL which is a physically based hydrologic model.
r.transect	Outputs raster map layer values lying along user defined transect line(s).
r.univar	Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells of a raster map.
r.unpack	Unpacks a raster map packed with r.pack.
r.uslek	Computes USLE Soil Erodibility Factor (K).
r.usler	Computes USLE R factor, Rainfall erosivity index.
r.viewshed	Computes the viewshed of a point on a raster terrain.
r.volume	Calculates the volume of data "clumps", and (optionally) produces a GRASS vector points map containing the calculated centroids of these clumps.
r.walk	Outputs a raster map layer showing the anisotropic cumulative cost of moving between different geographic locations on an input elevation raster map layer whose cell category values represent elevation combined with an input raster map layer whose cell values represent friction cost.
r.water.outlet	Creates watershed basins.
r.watershed	Calculates hydrological parameters and RUSLE factors.
r.what.color	Queries colors for a raster map layer.
r.what	Queries raster map layers on their category values and category labels.

r3.* commands:

r3.colors	Creates/modifies the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
r3.colors.out	Exports the color table associated with a 3D raster map.
r3.cross.rast	Creates cross section 2D raster map from 3D raster map based on 2D elevation map
r3.gwflow	Numerical calculation program for transient, confined groundwater flow in three dimensions
r3.in.ascii	Converts a 3D ASCII raster text file into a (binary) 3D raster map.
r3.in.v5d	Import 3-dimensional Vis5D files.
r3.info	Outputs basic information about a user-specified 3D raster map layer.
r3.mapcalc	Raster map calculator.
r3.mask	Establishes the current working 3D raster mask.
r3.mkdspf	Creates a display file from an existing grid3 file according to specified threshold levels.
r3.null	Explicitly create the 3D NULL-value bitmap file.
r3.out.ascii	Converts a 3D raster map layer into a ASCII text file.
r3.out.v5d	Exports GRASS 3D raster map to 3-dimensional Vis5D file.
r3.out.vtk	Converts 3D raster maps into the VTK-ASCII format.
r3.retile	Retiles an existing RASTER3D map with user defined x, y and z tile size
r3.stats	Generates volume statistics for 3D raster maps.
r3.support	Allows creation and/or modification of raster3d map layer support files.
r3.timestamp	Print/add/remove a timestamp for a 3D raster map
r3.to.rast	Converts 3D raster maps to 2D raster maps
r3.univar	Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null 3d cells of a raster3d map.

t.* commands:

t.connect	Prints/sets general TGIS DB connection for current mapset.
t.create	Creates a space time dataset.
t.info	Lists information about space time datasets and maps.
t.list	Lists space time datasets and map.
t.rast.aggregate.ds	Aggregated data of an existing space time raster dataset using the temporal topology of a second space time dataset.
t.rast.aggregate	Create a new space time raster dataset from the aggregated data of an existing space time raster dataset.
t.rast.export	Exports space time raster dataset.
t.rast.extract	Extracts a subset of a space time raster datasets.
t.rast.gapfill	Replace gaps in a space time raster dataset with interpolated raster maps.
t.rast.import	Imports space time raster dataset.
t.rast.list	Lists registered maps of a space time raster dataset.
t.rast.mapcalc	Performs r.mapcalc expressions on maps of sampled space time raster datasets.
t.rast.out.vtk	Exports space time raster dataset as VTK time series.
t.rast.series	Performs different aggregation algorithms from r.series on all or a subset of raster maps in a space time raster dataset.
t.rast.to.rast3	Converts a space time raster dataset into a raster3d map.
t.rast.univar	Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered raster map of a space time raster dataset.
t.rast3d.extract	Extracts a subset of a space time raster3d dataset.
t.rast3d.list	Lists registered maps of a space time raster3d dataset.
t.rast3d.mapcalc	Performs r3.mapcalc expressions on maps of sampled space time raster3d datasets.
t.rast3d.univar	Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered raster3d map of a space time raster3d dataset.
t.register	Registers raster, vector adn raster3d maps in a space time datasets.
t.remove	Removes space time datasets from temporal database.
t.sample	Samples the input space time dataset(s) with a sample space time dataset and print the result to stdout.
t.support	Modifies the metadata of a space time dataset.
t.topology	Lists and modifies temporal topology of a space time dataset.
t.unregister	Unregisters raster, vector and raster3d maps from the temporal database or a specific space time dataset.
t.vect.extract	Extracts a subset of a space time raster dataset.
t.vect.list	Lists registered maps of a space time vector dataset.
t.vect.observe.strds	Observes specific locations in a space time raster dataset over a periode of time using vector points.
t.vect.univar	Calculates univariate statistics from the non-null cells for each registered vector map of a space time vector dataset.
t.vect.what.strds	Uploads raster map values at spatial and temporal positions of vector points to the tables. The maps are registered in space time datasets.

v.* commands:

v.buffer	Creates a buffer around vector features of given type.
v.build.all	Rebuilds topology on all vector maps in the current mapset.
v.build	Creates topology for vector map.
v.build.polylines	Builds polylines from lines or boundaries.
v.category	Attaches, deletes or reports vector categories to map geometry.
v.centroids	Adds missing centroids to closed boundaries.
v.class	Classifies attribute data, e.g. for thematic mapping
v.clean	Toolset for cleaning topology of vector map.
v.colors	Creates/modifies the color table associated with a vector map.
v.colors.out	Exports the color table associated with a vector map.
v.convert.all	Converts all older versions of GRASS vector maps in current mapset to current format.
v.convert	Imports older versions of GRASS vector maps.
v.db.addcolumn	Adds one or more columns to the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
v.db.addtable	Creates and connects a new attribute table to a given layer of an existing vector map.
v.db.connect	Prints/sets DB connection for a vector map to attribute table.
v.db.dropcolumn	Drops a column from the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
v.db.droprow	Removes a vector feature from a vector map through attribute selection.
v.db.droptable	Removes existing attribute table of a vector map.
v.db.join	Allows to join a table to a vector map table.
v.db.reconnect.all	Reconnects vectors to a new database.
v.db.renamecolumn	Renames a column in the attribute table connected to a given vector map.
v.db.select	Prints vector map attributes.
v.db.univar	Calculates univariate statistics on selected table column for a GRASS vector map.
v.db.update	Allows to update a column in the attribute table connected to a vector map.
v.delaunay	Creates a Delaunay triangulation from an input vector map containing points or centroids.
v.dissolve	Dissolves boundaries between adjacent areas sharing a common category number or attribute.
v.distance	Finds the nearest element in vector map 'to' for elements in vector map 'from'.
v.drape	Converts vector map to 3D by sampling of elevation raster map.
v.edit	Edits a vector map, allows adding, deleting and modifying selected vector features.
v.external	Creates a new pseudo-vector map as a link to an OGR-supported layer or a PostGIS feature table.
v.external.out	Defines vector output format.
v.extract	Selects vector features from an existing vector map and creates a new vector map containing only the selected features.
v.extrude	Extrudes flat vector features to 3D with defined height.
v.generalize	Tool for vector based generalization.
v.hull	Produces a convex hull for a given vector map.
v.in.ascii	Creates a vector map from an ASCII points file or ASCII vector file.
v.in.db	Creates new vector (points) map from database table containing coordinates.
v.in.dxf	Converts file in DXF format to GRASS vector map.
v.in.e00	Imports E00 file into a vector map.
v.in.geonames	Imports geonames.org country files into a vector points map.
v.in.gns	Imports US-NGA GEOnet Names Server (GNS) country files into a GRASS vector points map.
v.in.lidar	Converts LAS LiDAR point clouds to a GRASS vector map with libLAS.
v.in.lines	Imports ASCII x,y[,z] coordinates as a series of lines.
v.in.mapgen	Imports Mapgen or Matlab-ASCII vector maps into GRASS.
v.in.ogr	Converts vector data into a GRASS vector map using OGR library.
v.in.region	Creates a vector polygon from the current region extent.
v.in.sites.all	Converts all old GRASS < Ver5.7 sites maps in current mapset to vector maps.
v.in.sites	Converts a GRASS site_lists file into a vector map.
v.in.wfs	Imports GetFeature from WFS.
v.info	Outputs basic information about a vector map.
v.kcv	Randomly partition points into test/train sets.
v.kernel	Generates a raster density map from vector point data using a moving kernel or optionally generates a vector density map on a vector network.
v.krige	Performs ordinary or block kriging for vector maps.
v.label	Creates paint labels for a vector map from attached attributes.
v.lidar.correction	Correction of the v.lidar.growing output. It is the last of the three algorithms for LIDAR filtering.
v.lidar.edgedetection	Detects the object's edges from a LIDAR data set.
v.lidar.growing	Building contour determination and Region Growing algorithm for determining the building inside
v.lrs.create	Create Linear Reference System
v.lrs.label	Create stationing from input lines, and linear reference system
v.lrs.segment	Creates points/segments from input lines, linear reference system and positions read from stdin or a file.
v.lrs.where	Finds line id and real km+offset for given points in vector map using linear reference system.
v.mkgrid	Creates a vector map of a user-defined grid.
v.neighbors	Neighborhood analysis tool for vector point maps.
v.net.alloc	Allocate subnets for nearest centers (direction from center).
v.net.allpairs	Computes the shortest path between all pairs of nodes in the network.
v.net.bridge	Computes bridges and articulation points in the network.
v.net.centrality	Computes degree, centrality, betweeness, closeness and eigenvector centrality measures in the network.
v.net.components	Computes strongly and weakly connected components in the network.
v.net.connectivity	Computes vertex connectivity between two sets of nodes in the network.
v.net.distance	Computes shortest distance via the network between the given sets of features.
v.net.flow	Computes the maximum flow between two sets of nodes in the network.
v.net	Performs network maintenance.
v.net.iso	Splits net by cost isolines.
v.net.path	Finds shortest path on vector network.
v.net.salesman	Creates a cycle connecting given nodes (Traveling salesman problem).
v.net.spanningtree	Computes minimum spanning tree for the network.
v.net.steiner	Create Steiner tree for the network and given terminals
v.net.timetable	Finds shortest path using timetables.
v.net.visibility	Visibility graph construction.
v.normal	Tests for normality for vector points.
v.out.ascii	Exports a vector map to a GRASS ASCII vector representation.
v.out.dxf	Exports vector map to DXF file format.
v.out.gps	Exports a vector map to a GPS receiver or file format supported by GPSBabel.
v.out.ogr	Converts a vector map to any of the supported OGR vector formats.
v.out.pov	Converts GRASS x,y,z points to POV-Ray x,z,y format.
v.out.svg	Exports a vector map to SVG file.
v.out.vtk	Converts a vector map to VTK ASCII output.
v.outlier	Removes outliers from vector point data.
v.overlay	Overlays two vector maps.
v.parallel	Creates parallel line to input vector lines.
v.patch	Creates a new vector map by combining other vector maps.
v.perturb	Random location perturbations of vector points.
v.proj	Re-projects a vector map from one location to the current location.
v.qcount	Indices for quadrat counts of sites lists.
v.random	Generates randomly 2D/3D vector points map.
v.rast.stats	Calculates univariate statistics from a raster map based on vector polygon map and uploads statistics to new attribute columns.
v.reclass	Changes vector category values for an existing vector map according to results of SQL queries or a value in attribute table column.
v.rectify	Rectifies a vector by computing a coordinate transformation for each object in the vector based on the control points.
v.report	Reports geometry statistics for vector maps.
v.sample	Samples a raster map at vector point locations.
v.segment	Creates points/segments from input vector lines and positions.
v.select	Selects features from vector map (A) by features from other vector map (B).
v.split	Splits vector lines to shorter segments.
v.support	Updates vector map metadata.
v.surf.bspline	Bicubic or bilinear spline interpolation with Tykhonov regularization.
v.surf.idw	Surface interpolation from vector point data by Inverse Distance Squared Weighting.
v.surf.rst	Spatial approximation and topographic analysis from given point or isoline data in vector format to floating point raster format using regularized spline with tension.
v.timestamp	Modifies a timestamp for a vector map.
v.to.3d	Performs transformation of 2D vector features to 3D.
v.to.db	Populates database values from vector features.
v.to.points	Creates points along input lines in new vector map with 2 layers.
v.to.rast	Converts (rasterize) a vector map into a raster map.
v.to.rast3	Converts a vector map (only points) into a 3D raster map.
v.transform	Performs an affine transformation (shift, scale and rotate, or GPCs) on vector map.
v.type	Changes type of vector features.
v.univar	Calculates univariate statistics for attribute.
v.vect.stats	Count points in areas, calculate statistics from point attributes.
v.vol.rst	Interpolates point data to a 3D raster map using regularized spline with tension (RST) algorithm.
v.voronoi	Creates a Voronoi diagram in current region from an input vector map containing points or centroids.
v.what	Queries a vector map at given locations.
v.what.rast	Uploads raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
v.what.rast3	Uploads 3d raster values at positions of vector points to the table.
v.what.vect	Uploads vector values at positions of vector points to the table.